Women and Colorado Statehood

Post by Doris McCraw

aka Angela Raines

As Colorado made its journey to statehood, the women's suffrage movement took note. They noted that they might get suffrage into the constitution of a new state.

Dr. Alida Avery

The Colorado Woman Suffrage Association was formed in early 1876. One of the early presidents of the association was Dr. Alida C. Avery, who moved to Denver in 1874, leaving her nine-year teaching job at Vassar. The goal of the association prior to 1876 was to have universal voting rights included in the state constitution.

Dr. Avery was the second woman medical school graduate to practice medicine in Colorado. The first was Dr. Eliza Gillette by a few months. 

Dr. Avery spearheaded the collection of petitions for the Constitutional Convention to ensure women wouldn't be excluded. 

Eliza P. Routt

Eliza Pickerell Routt was the wife of John Routt, Colorado Territory's last governor and the state of Colorado's first governor.

The Routts had moved to Colorado Territory in March of 1875 after John's appointment as governor by President Grant.

Eliza, like John, was a proponent of women's suffrage and involved in the above-mentioned Association. 

Although women did not get universal voting rights in the 1876 constitution, they were granted the right to vote in school board elections. In 1877, the fight continued, and in 1893 Colorado became the first state to guarantee women the right to vote in its constitution.

For further reading on these two women:

Dr. Alida Avery: Colorado's Women's Hall of Fame

Eliza P. Routt: Colorado Women's Hall of Fame

Until next time

Stay safe - Doris

Angela Raines - Amazon

Doris A. McCraw - Amazon

 

REMEMBER THE LADIES

Post by Doris McCraw
writing as Angela Raines

View on the route up Pikes Peak which was submitted by
Julia Archibald Holmes in 1858
Photo property of the author

On March 31, 1776, Abigail Adams wrote a letter to her husband in which she said, "I long to hear that you have declared an independency. And, by the way, in the new code of laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make, I desire you would remember the ladies and be more generous and favorable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the husbands. Remember, all men would be tyrants if they could. If particular care and attention is not paid to the ladies, we are determined to foment a rebellion, and will not hold ourselves bound by any laws in which we have no voice or representation."

Those were strong words and in 1920 the nineteenth amendment to the constitution was passed. This year we celebrate the centennial of that event. Although the suffrage movement started on the Eastern coast, it was the women of the Westward movement who exercised those rights prior to 1920.

In Colorado, even before becoming a state, the papers were discussing the suffrage movement. The Central City newspaper in the 1860s was publishing articles on the subject. The Colorado State Medical Society as early as 1876 introduced the idea of women being admitted to that organization. On a side note, the American Medical Society admitted a female doctor from Illinois in 1874.

Dr. Alida Avery
image from Wikipedia

Although women doctors were not admitted to the Colorado Medical Society in 1876, they started their own society. Alida Avery, MD, left Vassar College, where she was a professor and physician, moved to Colorado in 1874, and was heavily involved in the early suffrage movement.

Dr. Mary Helen Barker Bates, who had moved to Colorado from Utah in 1878 with her attorney husband, was instrumental as part of the group of women who reorganized the movement to work for the passage of suffrage in Colorado. The result, in 1893, Colorado added the right of women to vote to the state's constitution.

Colorado Suffrage Movement 1893
image from Wikipedia 

Women in Western states enjoyed more rights and freedoms than their sisters in the East. Wyoming and Utah allowed women to vote before Colorado. Additionally, California began licensing physicians as early as 1876 and women were licensed just the same as men.

Most of my research is on those early Colorado women doctors, but there were women ranch owners, business owners, outlaws and teachers whose lives made an impact on the state. So the next time you watch an early Western and see a strong female character, don't think it was an anomaly, it was probably truer than you realize. When you read between the lines of some of the news reports from the time, you will find, we need to remember the Ladies.

Doris Gardner-McCraw -

Author, Speaker, Historian-specializing in
Colorado and Women's History

Angela Raines - author: Where Love & History Meet

Books: Angela Raines Books

WYOMING'S VOTING WOMEN - Meg Mims

I've been researching the history of suffrage in England for the cozy mystery series I'm writing with a partner - Book 1 is coming out September 23rd this year, and Book 2 in 2015. It's been fascinating, but I also remember researching a little about suffrage in Wyoming while writing Double Crossing.

It seems odd to me, as a modern woman, to consider that less than half a century before my birth, women marched in the thousands to fight for their voting rights. But hold on a minute -- turn the clock back years before the 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920, back to when the United States was born. Did anyone notice that there are no signatures of famous women on the Declaration of Independence? Women who were free and had property could have voted -- and some did -- but they lost that right in New York in 1777, in Massachusetts in 1780, in New Hampshire in 1784. New Jersey, however, didn't revoke the rights of women voters until 1807.

The founding fathers, Jefferson and Adams especially, had no intention of allowing women a voice. Adams replied to his wife's urging to "remember the ladies" in coding the new laws with a tease that men were already subject to the "despotism of the petticoat." And so, despite Abigail Adams' (and other women's) support and help behind the scenes, Adams and the other "fathers" cut women out of having a voice in the government. Hmph.

But enough grumbling. So why did Wyoming Territory choose to grant women citizenship and voting rights? Why would they risk angering the men who lived there? Especially given the six-to-one ratio of men versus women residents. For that reason alone, legislators no doubt wanted to draw more women out west and bring a more civilized atmosphere to Laramie and Cheyenne. Perhaps they hoped that women would be grateful for their unique opportunity and vote with those who granted them the right. There was opposition, too.

But one thing is certain -- Wyoming certainly received a load of free publicity over the issue. Some of the legislators did believe that women ought to have the same rights as African-Americans (men, of course) who gained citizenship and voting rights by passage of the Fourteenth Amendment on July 9th of 1868. And remember, all of the Southern states had to ratify that amendment in order to re-enter the union.

Whatever the motives, Wyoming approved suffrage for women on December 10th, 1869 -- half a century before the other states. Women seemed to have many firsts in the western Wyoming territory. Early in 1870, Esther Hobart Morris was appointed a Justice of the Peace since the previous man had resigned in protest after the vote for suffrage. She even had her own husband arrested once since he was a drunk, a gambler and idle.

To the left, a statue of Esther Hobart Morris stands in front of the Cheyenne State Capitol. A bronze copy of the statue is also in the U.S. Capitol's National Statuary Hall Collection in Washington, D.C. I felt pride for Wyoming's women when I visited there a few years ago, since she was the first woman appointed to public office. And Kansas claims Susanna Salter as the first elected mayor (1887). Hooray for western pioneer women!

 Wyoming women were also called to served on juries after the suffrage vote. And in September of 1870, almost 1,000 women voted in the territory's second election. To think it took another 50 years before the rest of the women living in America could take a ballot.

Our foremothers fought hard to gain voting rights. So next time there's an election, ladies, make sure you vote. We owe them that much.

Meg Mims is one half of the D.E. Ireland team writing the Eliza Doolittle-Henry Higgins cozy mystery series for St. Martin's Minotaur, coming out in September 2014. She’s won a Spur Award and a Laramie Award for her western mystery series and also writes sweet dog/cat rescue romance novellas. Meg loves books, flower gardens, visiting tearooms – anything to get out of dusting. Vacuuming does help plotting, though.

Sources: www.wyohistory.org, www.history.com

Billiards, Butter, and the Anti-Dude Club by @JacquieRogers #western

April in the 

Old West

by Jacquie Rogers

April brought spring flowers as well as a thirst for color of a different sort in the boom towns of the West, and Owyhee County, Idaho Territory was no different.  Unless otherwise stated, all articles are taken from The Owyhee Avalanche, which was established in Ruby City, Idaho Territory, in 1865 and moved to Silver City a year later.  This weekly newspaper is still in business, now in Homedale, Idaho — the longest running newspaper in the state, and rightfully proud of its history.

Some things never change.  Take email, for instance.  It’s both handy and a distraction, and we put up with nuisance messages because overall, email’s got us spoiled for instant communication.  We also receive a lot of unwanted solicitations in our snail mail.   News flash: Junk mail is nothing new!  Here’s a grumbling piece in the April 20, 1867 edition:

AGREEABLE.  To sit up till twelve o’clock at night waiting for the mail; then go to bed; get into a bully sleep; then have a mail carrier rushing and waking you up with the cry of “letters.”  After sifting over a pack of correspondence, he throws you a single envelope containing the highly important information in bold type — “How to get a sewing machine free of cost!”  To have that done oftener than once a week would cause some swearing in these parts.  We don’t want a machine at any price.

I don’t know why the reporter headlined that with “Agreeable” when he clearly found it disagreeable.

Lots of skirmishes with the Paiute, Shoshone, and Bannock tribes took place at this time, and there were three temporary forts or cavalry camps in Owyhee County.  In the April 20, 1867, issue of The Owyhee Avalanche, the reporter is rallying the citizens to make a little money from the government.

ARMY SUPPLIES are wanted at Camp Lyon and C. F. Smith.  Fine opportunities are offered for large or small contracts.  Laboring men can do well by taking contracts for providing a portion of these supplies — and can rest assured of prompt payment upon fulfillment of their contracts.

Nearly every issue of the newspaper contained at least one substantial article about suffrage.  Idaho voted in favor of women’s suffrage in 1896, the fourth state to do so.  Wyoming was first, in 1869, followed by Colorado and Utah.  Even though there was considerable support for bestowing the right to vote on the fairer sex, reporters still poked fun at the whole situation.  Here’s a snippet from an article that The Owyhee Avalanche republished April 10, 1869.

MRS. E. CADY STANTON’S DREAM.  (Republished from the Chicago Tribune)  “... I think some of your fellow-citizens are unnecessarily disturbed at the prospect of “woman suffrage.”  They seem to imagine that with enfranchisement, marriage would be speedily abrogated, cradles annihilated, and the stockings, like Governor Marcy’s pantaloons, mended by the State.  Pray suggest to these sorrowing gentlemen that maternal love and conjugal devotion do not depend on statue laws of the State Constitutions.  As the affections existed before governments, they will no doubt continue, even should all Eve’s daughters go to the polls once a year to choose wise rulers.”  Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

People traveled a lot more than we think.  When I studied the families of Owyhee County, I found that as soon as the transcontinental railroad was in place, many visited their families back East.  Actually, there was quite a bit of travel back East even before the Golden Spike was driven May 10, 1869.  Mr. Leonard traveled a month earlier.  This item was in the April 24, 1869, issue:

MR. R. H. LEONARD returned a few days ago from a short visit to the home of his boyhood in the forests of Maine, looking as fat and jolly as ever.  We learn, that on his way coming back, he narrowly escaped with his life.  The train of the Union Pacific, in which he was traveling, broke through a bridge, precipitating the entire string of cars into the depths below.  One man was killed, and several others wounded.  Mr. Leonard sustained a slight contusion.

Railroad travel had a few little safety issues to work out.  Can you imagine the media frenzy should something like this happen today?  We’d have finger-pointing and studies for the next forty years.

People headed east too — from China.  Most were looking for that mountain of gold, especially after the transcontinental railroad was completed.  They swarmed to gold strikes just like everyone else did.  In the same Avalanche issue, the reporter wrote:

THE DALLES MOUNTAINEER says that there is a steady stream of Chinamen pouring through that valley, on their way to the mines.  They come like locusts, and should the deluge continue long they are quite sure to overstock the labor market and drive white workingmen out of the country.

Even in a wide open country, people were worried about their piece of the pie.  Politics and border issues don’t change much.  And speaking of butter, this was in the April 1, 1871, issue:

A KEG OF BUTTER.  One evening this week as Dave Dorsey was on his way to Fairview with a load of freight, he was compelled to lighten his load by leaving two kegs of butter about halfway up the Oro Fino gulch.  Next morning he returned and found one keg missing.  Two nights afterwards, as Ben. Cook and Ike Culp, who reside on the Mountain, were going home late, they met two Chinamen carrying what appeared to be quite a heavy load.  Up-on making enquiries of the celestials, they were told it was a barrel of salmon.  Proceeding on their way, Ben and Ike talked the matter over and began to suspect that the Chinamen, whom they had just met, were making away with Dorsey’s butter.  Their suspicions were strengthened by observing some hoops near where something apparently had just been dug out of the snow.  They turned and began a pursuit of the thieves who, being on the look out, dropped their burden, and, favored by the darkness, made good their escape.  It is scarcely necessary to state that the barrel of salmon proved to be the missing keg of butter.

The Avalanche editor and the “News” (I think from Boise City) editor had quite a good time trading jabs.  Billiards was becoming more and more popular in Idaho, and of course each town wanted bragging rights.  This was in the April 22, 1871, issue:

NEWSPAPER PLEASANTRIES.
Friend M’Gonigle became pregnant with facetix the other day and, while in that happy condition, gave birth to the following pleasant paragraphs, which we find in the News of last Tuesday:

Judging from the playing at the late billiard tournament in Boise City, we assume the responsibility of saying that there are at least three Silver City billiardists who could easily get away with the Boise Championship.  Frank Hunt, Gus Simondi, or French at Sommercamp’s could walk off with the champion cue, &c., without much trouble.  (Avalanche)

We infer from the above wild statement, that the Avalanche is not aware, that the rules governing the tournament alluded to, barred push and crotch shots.  We opine that if the Silver City champions were placed under similar restrictions, their average would be sort of slender, too.

Many Idaho Territory residents were from Texas, but whether from Texas or not, all Idahoans were fiercely independent.  This is from the April 13, 1872, issue:

BORDER TROUBLES.  There is going to be trouble on the Texan border.  It is not in human nature for the people resident there to tamely submit to the constant inroads and robberies of the Mexicans.  The telegraph informs us that the Texan Rangers are organizing for defense.  They are a class of persons who know how to maintain their rights, and if the government does not interpose for the security of life and property in that region, the first thing we will hear is that they have overrun one or two Mexican States and “annexed” them to the United States.

Local Happenings:

• Alex. Frazer and Pat. McCabe made a novel bet of $5 on “hair,” the other night.  Wonder what those mountain boys will be up to next?  “Not a spear.” [Note: I don’t have a clue what they’re talking about.  Do you?]
• Mr. Farneman, of Jordan Valley, informs us that he is now plowing 18 acres per day on his farm.  Mr. F. is a very enterprising gentleman and the most extensive farmer in that part of the country.
• A shooting match took place at the Shoenbar Mill yesterday at three P.M.  Stakes, $25 cash and one basket of champagne.  Distance, 100 yards.  Shots, off-hand, with muzzle loading rifle, and decision by string measure.  The result of the match was unreported at the hour of going to press.
• Thanks to Sam. Heidelberger for Mark Twain’s burlesque Autobiography and First Romance.

April Events

• April 5, 1859: The state of Jefferson (now Colorado) was formed from the western part of Kansas Territory. 
• April 3, 1860: The first Pony Express rider left St. Joseph, Missouri, for Sacramento, California. It took twelve days (or eleven, depending on which account you read) to get there.  
• April 17, 1865: Bread riots in Virginia City, Montana, were caused by the exorbitant price of flour.
• April 2, 1868: A Topeka, Kansas newspaper reported, “W. F. Cody, government detective, and Wm. Haycock, Deputy U. S. Marshal, brought eleven prisoners and lodged them in our calaboose.” 
• April 5, 1867: Benjamin Bickerstaff and his gang rode into Alvarado, Texas, guns blazing and ready to party.  The residents were waiting for them and killed nearly all of them, including Bickerstaff, who took a shotgun blast to the face. 
• April 21, 1871: John Boyer was the first man to be legally hanged in Wyoming Territory.
• April 1, 1877: Ed Schieffelin strikes silver in Arizona Territory.  He names his mine “Tombstone.” 
• April 9, 1878: Jack Wagner killed Dodge City Marshal Edward Masterson at the Lady Gay Dance Hall.  Ed’s brother, Bat, shot both Jack and his friend Alf Walker. 
• April 5, 1879: One of the few gunfights later portrayed by Hollywood actually took place in Dodge City, Kansas, between Frank Loving and Levi Richardson.  Richardson shot five times and missed.  Loving shot three times and didn’t miss.  
• April 3, 1882: Robert Ford shot Jesse James. 
• April 10, 1883: Teddy Blue (E.C. Abbot) and the FUF Ranch outfit set out on a cattle drive from Texas to the Yellowstone River in Montana. 
• April 16: 1884: Annie Oakley receives her first billing as a markswoman at Columbus, Ohio, for the Sells Brothers Circus. 
• April 6, 1886: An “anti-dude” club is formed in Newton, Kansas, and set these fines: $5 for carrying a cane, $10 for wearing kid gloves and a plug hat, and $20 for parting one's hair down the middle. 
• April 3, 1898: 88 men died in an avalanche on the Chilkoot Pass in the Yukon Territory. 

May your saddle never slip.

Jacquie Rogers 
Website, Facebook, 
Twitter, Goodreads, 
Romancing The West
Hearts of Owyhee series
#1: Much Ado About Marshals
#2: Much Ado About Madams
#3: Much Ado About Mavericks