Thursday, April 21, 2016

THE BACKSTORY by Ken Farmer

Some twenty years ago, I wrote my first book…no not a novel, but a how-to for my acting students. 
"Mister Farmer, why don't you write a book about what you're teaching us…it's actually logical and easy to understand," one of my students suggested.
Well, anything to make teaching the young minds of mush easier…I did. I titled it ACTING is STORYTELLING. It was the definitive treatise on what is termed in the acting world as Organic Acting. My kiddos called it their Acting Bible.

Here's an excerpt from Acting is Storytelling.


WHAT IS "ORGANIC ACTING"?

There's no set definition, but, most commonly, it's a reference to a style that is characterized by literally allowing the Character  to own your equipment, that's your mind, body and voice (story). In other words, allowing the Character to takeover.  Thus, you are acting simply as another person (that's as not like). This is called Organic  because you are allowing your character to dictate your personality, style, movements, speech, etc. You're letting it come from your character through the use of the "BACKSTORY".

After writing several novels, I noticed the similarity to acting was amazing. Maybe it's just my own style, but, when I write, I literally become each character. Of course, I do a backstory on all the main ones.
I use this interesting quote in Acting is Storytelling: You can shape a character to anything  your imagination can deliver. "A man isn't an actor until he commands a technique which enables him to get an impression across into the heart of an audience without reference or relation to his own individuality. The better the actor, the more completely is he able to eliminate the personal equation." John Barrymore -  On the flip side; the poorer the actor, the more he must rely on his own personality (personal equation) in his attempt to tell the story. I just don't see a lot of difference. 
I write Character Driven stories, so it's axiomatic that the characters take over.
In my mind, every step the writer takes toward intellectualizing the story or the character, takes him one step away from the story or the character.  You don't think about writing, you feel it.  If the heart is empty, then the head doesn't matter. I feel most writers analyze too much and create too little—it is better to eat your soup than to speculate on it.

RIGHT BRAIN, LEFT BRAIN

It's generally understood today about the function of our brain; the left side is the analytical or logic (linear) side and the right side is the creative or abstract side.  The left is usually jealously dominant and will suppress the right whenever possible. The moment the writer starts to consciously think what's my objective, what's the objective of the scene, if, what's the subtext, what's the next line of dialogue, etc., he automatically and axiomatically smothers his creativity. 
Most people's brains have a great difficulty in transferring information from one side to the other. The thinking side is always ego based and is the side used when we try to interpret or analyze—the writer should learn to ignore the ego and allow the creativity to rise to the surface. The left side is used in preparation—the right side is used in creating.

THE CREATIVE PROCESS

The BACKSTORY initiates the creative process of the writer—all creativity starts with impulse. "Imagination and creativity are guests that do not like to visit lazy people." - Tchaikowski The writer creates a complete biography of the character from birth up to the time the story takes place as well as a psychological profile. It is not mandatory to apply terms as sanguine, choleric, melancholy, phlegmatic, Type A or Type B, etc., although sometimes it can be helpful. It may also be beneficial to look up the astrological profile and the tendencies from the birth date, which, of course, the writer usually has to create unless he/she's writing historical fiction. 
I use a book entitled The Little Giant Encyclopedia of the Zodiac - ISBN 0-8069-9529-7 for tendencies, positive and negative characteristics, ect.
Primarily the writer should be interested in what the character is like or what makes him tick. What are his goals, what are his desires, wants and needs in his life. What are his mores, habits, manners, lifestyle and values. What interesting things have happened to him in his life that makes him unique?  How does he respond and deal with conflict, crisis, fear and love and why.  Commonplace is not interesting. He must even create anticipation or dread of future events for the character—what is the character looking forward to, or dreading, what goals has he set for himself in his life, what does he anticipate is going to happen to him.   A little secret I bring from my acting book is—always give the character a secret that only he knows. Actually, that's a quote from Katharine Hepburn to which I have added: try to give your character a secret he knows about the other character(s) that the other character(s) doesn't know he knows.
Expression moves from within to without or to say it another way, as within, so without. To quote Dion Boucicault, "... the study of character should be from the inside; not from the outside! Great painters, I am told, used to draw a human figure in the nude form, and, when they were proposing to finish their pictures, to paint the costumes; then the costumes came right.  That is exactly how a writer should  study his art.  He should to paint his character in the nude form and put the costume on the last thing." 
You don't build a house from the outside, you must first design and construct the frame and the last thing you do is paint it. Always work from the inside out; if you work from the outside in, all you have is a dry husk.  A character is a blank canvas upon which the writer paints all of the emotions, details, fantasy memories and characteristics at his command. The writer is the brush: emotions are the colors;  the characters are the canvas. That's my story and I'm sticking to it. More on the Backstory next time.

"We can shape clay into a pot, but it is the emptiness inside that holds whatever we want." - Lao Tzu -

Tuesday, April 19, 2016

WHO WAS JEREMIAH SCHWARTZ? by Tom Rizzo



The young man who played semi-pro football called himself Jeremiah Schwartz. But it wasn’t his real name. He used the phony name so he could retain his eligibility to play college football at St. Mary & St. Benedict College, Arizona State Teacher’s College, and Santa Clara University.


His real name: Andrew Vabre Devine, who would go on to entertain movie and TV audiences as Andy Devine, a gap-toothed, squeaky-voiced sidekick in “B” westerns. 

When he first headed to Hollywood, he played minor roles in some silent films. In 1905, he landed the first major role of his career mostly because of his athletic skill. He played football player Truck McCall in “The Spirit of Notre Dame.”  

When the talkies came along, there was some concern about his raspy voice. 


Although it eliminated him from contention for more dramatic acting parts, filmmakers decided his voice would work well in comedic roles. In fact, it became his trademark. 

In the Fifties, Devine co-starred as the character Jingles P. Jones and rode a horse named Joker in “Adventures of Wild Bill Hickok” (1951), featuring Guy Madison in the lead role—first on radio and later on television. 

According to IMDB, the role “was originally offered to but turned down by Burl Ives.” Devine also appeared in ten films as Cookie, the sidekick to Roy Rogers.

Devine proved a tireless and accomplished actor and switched easily from “B” westerns to “A” films. 


Throughout his career, he appeared in more than 400 films, including roles in “Stagecoach” (1939) with John Wayne.  

He also played Danny in the film “A Star is Born (1937).” Among his other screen credits was the frightened marshal in “The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance.”

As a credit to his versatility, Devine hosted a children’s TV show on NBC called “Andy’s Gangfrom 1955 to 1960. 


The sidekicks in B-Westerns provided comic relief for the audience. Despite the secondary role they played, many became stars themselves. In addition to Andy Devine, George Francis “Gabby” Hayes ranked among the most recognizable of all. 


Hayes played sidekick to several heavyweight big-screen cowboys:  Roy Rogers, Gene Autry, Hopalong Cassidy, Wild Bill Elliott, Hoot Gibson, Randolph Scott, and John Wayne.

Born May 7, 1885, in Wellsville, New York, Hayes worked as a circus performer and semi-pro baseball player. After he married Olive Ireland in 1914, the couple hit the road playing the vaudeville circuit. They were so successful that he retired in his Forties. 

The stock market crash of 1929 depleted his bank account, and he went back to work. He and his wife moved to California where he began finding work in the movie industry. 

Ironically, Hayes didn’t even learn to ride a horse until he was in his forties. 


Soon, he began appearing in the series westerns of the 1930s—first and a bad guy and then as Windy Halliday, the sidekick for Hopalong Cassidy.

A dispute over money pushed him into the Roy Rogers film camp where he began appearing as “Gabby.” He was so popular that he had his TV Western series from 1950 to 1954—“The Gabby Hayes Show,” which appealed mainly to children. 

When the series ended, the grizzled old-timer called it quits and retired. He and his wife remained married until her death in 1956. 

The nasally-voiced and gray-bearded Gabby Hayes included in nearly every film two phrases he made popular: “You’re durn tooting” and “You young whipper snapper!” 


Surprisingly, when he didn't appear on camera as a grizzled old timer, Hayes was handsome, well-groomed and well-read. Once, he confided that he had never been a fan of the Western genre. 


Tim Holt ranks as one of my favorite B-Western stars. And who could forget his Mexican-Irish sidekick Chito Jose Gonzales Bustamente Rafferty, played by Richard Martin. 


Martin played a handsome, young Mexican-American whose family lived in California.

He misspoke the English language, but in an amusing style rather than in a mocking way. Chita was also an unabashed romantic. 

When Martin started in Westerns, he played a few bad guys but his characterization of Chito was so entertaining, the studios decided to use him as a western sidekick. 


His role as Chito, however, didn’t debut in a Tim Holt film. 


The character debuted in the 1943 World War II film, “Bombardier.” 

According to the Los Angeles Times, he started his movie career as a receptionist for MGM, earning $17.76 a week. “His goal was to be a makeup man, but his acting career began after one of his friends, on a lark, bet an agent that he couldn’t get Martin an acting contract.”

A successful screen test led to a contract with RKO. He was paid $50 a week and landed a series of bit parts in A and B films—including a Zane Grey series where he played opposite Robert Mitchum for two episodes. 

Mitchum bowed out when he won a part in “G.I. Joe,” the film that paved the way for his outstanding career path. 

RKO then teamed Martin with Tim Holt for the final three films of the series, which opened the door to a longtime partnership. 




They made twenty-six other films together—a comical counterpoint to Holt’s serious, even portrayal of a cowboy hero. 

As Chito, Martin played the antithesis of the cowboy sidekicks. Rather than the grizzled old-timer, or cantankerous type in worn clothing, Chito dressed well and was soft spoken. The only time his comedic side emerged was during his often futile attempts at romance. 

Martin, however, developed a real-life romance with actress Elaine Riley with whom met on her second day at RKO. They married in 1946.

When Howard Hughes decided to shut down all B pictures at RKO in 1952, Martin left the business and became an insurance broker. Richard Martin Associates specialized in estate planning and business insurance. 


He often expressed surprise at how well his character, Chito, was remembered by the movie-going public.  


So, who's YOUR favorite B-Western sidekick?


_______



A novelist, storyteller, and naturally curious amateur historian, Tom Rizzo's new three-volume collection, TALL TALES FROM THE HIGH PLAINS & BEYOND, features more than 180 true stories of characters and events of the Old West.


A revised version of Tom's novel LAST STAND AT BITTER CREEK, a one-time finalist for Western Fictioneers Peacemaker Award for First Novel, has been re-edited and reformatted and is available now.  

For more tall tales from the High Plains, visit my Blog. And If you enjoyed the story above, please share it with friends.

Rediscover the Historical West! 








Monday, April 18, 2016

Bud Eugen's Guns by Gordon Rottman



This is a continuing series discussing the commonly and not so commonly used guns found in the Old West. My novel, The Hardest Ride, is used as a mechanism to examine these firearms as many weapons used in the 1880s and earlier are mentioned.

Bud Eugen is a young cowpoke and the main protagonist in The Hardest Ride. He has some strong ideas about guns and their use. Bud had the habit of immediately reloading after firing even one shot. He believed in lots of gun practice, if able to afford the extra ammunition. He also liked any firearm that gave him a range advantage.
The first firearm mentioned in The Hardest Ride is Tío Pancho’s old Colt Navy conversion revolver, which he pointed at Bud for almost shooting him and “wounding” his saddle. A popular Colt Army and Navy conversion was the Richards-Mason. So, what were the difference between Colt Army and Navy models, or for that matter, other makes Army and Navy models? Most major handgun manufacturers produced revolvers in both Army and Navy models. The main difference was that the Army model was .44-caliber and the Navy .36-caliber. The Navy model usually had a slightly shorter barrel than the Army and were popular with civilians as they were lighter and more compact than the Army model.

http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server5100/7g4m0/products/111857/images/579441/IMG_2601__18196.1434647097.1280.1280.JPG?c=2
 Colt Navy conversion .36-caliber Model 1861 revolver

These were cap-and ball-pieces. The bullet and powder were contained in a paper or linen cartridge loaded into the front of the cylinder and percussion caps inserted on the nipples on the cylinder’s rear, a slow loading process. After the Civil War and into the 1870s many of these cap-and-ball revolvers were converted to load metallic (brass or copper) rimfire cartridges into the rear of the cylinder, thus a Colt “conversion.” Regardless of being called “cap-and-ball,” they used conical bullets by the Civil War. 36-caliber Navy model revolvers were used as much by the Army as was their own .44-caliber.
Bud’s choice of weapons is also mentioned in the first chapter, but their models are not spoken of until much later. For a shoulder arm he uses a Winchester Model 1873 rifle in .44-40 Winchester. That model was also made in other calibers. The Winchester ’73 has been tagged “The gun that won the West” and rightfully so as its use was almost universal. There were not many other good lever-action repeaters available. It was preceded by the Winchester Henry rifle and carbine of 1866, still seeing some use in the 1880s, known as the “Yellow Boy” owing to its brass receiver. The Henry’s drawback was it used an obsolete and short-ranged .44 Flat Henry rimfire cartridge. Bud makes it known that he prefers a rifle with a 24-inch barrel for the longer range over a carbine with a 20-inch barrel. He’d rather keep any enemies as far away from him as possible. The rifle also gave him a few more rounds in its tubular magazine, fifteen rounds, compared to the carbine’s ten. Bud tends to prefer his rifle over his revolver, but he’d not hesitate to draw the Remington hogleg when necessary.
As an aside, the carbine most often seen in Western movies is the Winchester Model 1892 in .38-40 or .44-40. Of course most Western movies take place well before 1892, but the Model 1892 looked similar to the 1873 and were easier for studios to acquire. Remington makes a special blank cartridge called the 5-in-1 or “Hollywood” blank since the 1930s. This one blank can be fired in both .38-40 and .44-40 rifles and revolvers and the .45 Colt revolver, thus 5-in-1.
His revolver was a Remington Model 1875 single-action in .44-40, an excellent weapon not as well known as the Colt Peacemaker. Appearance wise, its butt, cylinder and frame were similar in profile to the Peacemaker’s and when holstered could be mistaken for a Peacemaker. Often Remington’s had a longer barrel—7-1/2-inches in Bud’s case—and the cartridge ejector rod beneath the barrel had a heavy protector making it appear more look the old cap-and-ball revolvers with the cartridge tamping lever. Again, he prefers its long barrel and range. Peacemakers typically had a 5-1/2-inch barrel.
 Single Action Tuning
 Remington .44-40 Model 1875 revolver

Bud tends to be a practical sort and him and many other cowboys preferred to have a rifle and handgun firing the same cartridges, plain old horse sense. Tío Pancho mentions a long ago Indian-fighting incident when Red, another old-timer hand of the Triple Bar got shook up and accidentally loaded one of his .45 Colt cartridges into an 1873 Winchester, which was .44-40. This is a fact; the .45 Colt could be loaded into the magazine loading gate of a .44-40 or .38-40 Winchester, and then stuck. They were about the same length and even though the .44-40 had a slightly tapered case, they looked similar, especially if one was a bit stressed. The right side plate had to be removed in order to extract the cartridge stuck in the feed way. We also find that Bud is a believer in target practice.

 http://cdn2.bigcommerce.com/server5100/7g4m0/products/22764/images/103832/55f983f1fbb534ed35222d66a0052e00__91501.1349190908.1280.1280.jpg?c=2

 Winchester .44-40 Model 1873 rifle

The .44-40 Winchester was an extremely popular cartridge. It was not particularly long-ranged, but it did the job at optimum ranges with the help of its heavy 200-grain bullet. The .44-40 is said to have killed more men—good and bad—and more game—big and little—than any other cartridge. The “.44” was of course the caliber (bore diameter) in hundredth of an inch and the “40” was the black powder load in grains. In 1895 they were loaded with smokeless powder and rebranded as the .44 W.C.F.—Winchester Center Fire. To this day, however, they’re still called the .44-40. Next time we’ll talk about Marta’s shotgun and some other odd weapons Bud encounters on the road to Eagle Pass.
Next time we’ll talk about Marta’s shotgun and a few oddball weapons mentioned in the story.

Friday, April 8, 2016

Cost of Living in the Old West, Part

Cost of Living in the 1800's, Part 2


Here is some more great information from Labor in Europe and America by Edward Young (1875). This time, we'll look specifically at the West Coast.




Wages paid in San Francisco and vicinity during the years 1869 and 1874
(prepared for this report by Mr. W.H. Martin, general agent
of the California Immigrant Union, January, 1875)

Apothecaries (per month, with board): $40-50
Bakers (per month, with board): $30-60
Barbers (per month): $60-80
Bar-Tenders (per month, with board): $40-45
Bed-makers (per month, with board): $25-35 ... I'm assuming this means actual manufacture of the bed-frame, not going to people's houses to make-up their beds, although I'd probably pay that much if someone would do it

Bell-hangers (per day): $2.50-3.50
Belt-makers (per day): $2.50-3.50
Blacksmiths (per day): $2.50-4.00
Blacksmiths' helpers (per day): $2.00-3.50
Boat-builders (per day):  $3.00-3.50
Boiler-makers (per day): $3.75-4.00
Book-binders (per day): $3.00-5.00
Book-binders' helpers, boys and girls (per week): $4.00-15.00 ... I guess we all know which end of the scale is for the boys and which is for the girls...

Book-keepers (per month): $35.00-200.00 ... quite a range, there ...
Book-keepers in banks and brokers' offices (per month): $200.00-350.00
Boot-blacks (per month): $30.00-45.00
Bottlers (per month): $35.00-40.00
Box-makers (per day): $2.50-3.00
Boys in offices and stores (per month): $10.00-40.00
Brick-layers (per day): $4.00-6.00
Brick-layers, foremen (per day): $6.00-8.00
Brick-makers (per month and found): $45.00-60.00
Brewers (per month, with board): $50.00-75.00
Broom-makers (per day): $2.50-3.50
Butchers (per month, with board): $35.00-75.00

Butter-makers (per month and found): $30.00-50.00
Carpenters (per day):
            house:                          $3.00-4.50
            house, foreman:          $4.50-6.00
            ship:                            $3.00-5.00
            ship, foreman:             $5.00-7.50

Cabinet-makers (per day): $3.00-4.00
Carriage-makers (per day)
            body-makers:              $3.00-4.00
            wheelwrights:              $3.00-4.00
            trimmers:                    $3.00-4.50
            painters:                      $2.50-4.00
            stripers:                       $2.50-4.00

Carvers (per day): $4.00-7.00 ... not sure exactly what they're supposed to be carving...
Caulkers (per day): $3.00-5.00
Chambermaids, in families (per month, with board): $15.00-20.00
Chambermaids, in hotels (per month, with board): 20.00-25.00
Charcoal-burners (per day): $2.00-3.50
Cheese-makers (per day): $2.00-3.00
Cigar-makers (per day): $1.50-3.00
Clerks (per month, with board): $40.00-75.00
Clothing manufacture (per week):
            head-cutters:               $34.37
            bushelmen:                  $21.87
            machine-operators:     $21.87
            finishers:                     $28.12
            laborers or packers:   $18.75
            apprentices or boys:    $10.00

Coachmen (per month, with board): $30.00-75.00
Conductors, horse-cars (per day): $2.50
Conductors, steam-cars (per day): $3.00-5.00
Cooks (per month, with board)
            general:                       $35.00-100.00
            private families:          $30.00-35.00
            in hotels:                      $40.00-100.00

Coopers (per day): $3.00-5.00
Confectioners (per day): $3.00-4.00
Coppersmiths (per day): $3.00-5.00
Coffin-makers: $2.50-4.50
Dairymen (per month, with board): $30.00-45.00

Deck-hands (per month, with board): $40.00-50.00
Door and sash makers (per day): $2.50-4.50
Dress-makers in stores (per week): $10.00-12.00
Dress-makers in families (per day, with board): $1.00-3.00
Drivers (per day):
            horse-cars:                  $2.50
            drays and trucks:        $2.50-3.00
            express:                       $2.00-3.00
            hacks:                          $2.00-3.50

Druggists (per month, with board): $60.00-75.00
Dyers (per month, with board): $40.00-60.00
Editors, first-class (per month): $200.00-250.00
Editors, second-class (per month): $75.00-100.00 ... how do you know if you're second-class, though?

Engravers (per day): $4.50-6.00
Engineers (per day):
            mills:                           $3.00-5.00
            railroads:                    $3.00-4.00
            steamships                  $3.00-3.50

Florists (per month, with board): $35.00-50.00
Foundry-men (per day):
            general:                       $2.00-4.50
            molders:                      $3.50-5.00
            stove-mounters:          $3.00-3.50
            brass:                          $3.00-4.00

Gardeners (per month, with board): $30.00-60.00
Gardeners, short jobs (per day): $2.50-3.00
Gas-fitters (per day): $3.50-4.50
Gilders (per day): $3.50-5.00
Glaziers (per day): $2.00-3.50
Gunsmiths (per day): $3.00-5.00
Harness-makers (per day): $2.50-5.00
Hatters (per day): $3.00-4.00
Hostlers (per month, with board): $30.00-40.00
Iron-foundry apprentices (per week): $4.00-10.00
Iron-foundry laborers (per week): $10.00-13.50
Iron-foundry machinists (per week):
            Best:                            $21.00-24.00
            Ordinary:                    $18.00-21.00
            Inferior:                       $15.00-18.00
            Helpers:                      $10.00-13.50

Iron-molders (per week): $18.00-24.00
Jewelers (per day): $3.50-4.00
Laundrymen (per month, with board): $30.00-45.00
Laundry-women (per month, with board): $30.00-40.00
Lithographers, draughtsman and engineers (per day): $4.00-5.00
Lithographers, printers (per day): $4.00-4.50
Locksmiths (per day): $3.00-4.00
Lumbermen (per month, with board): $30.00-70.00
Machinists (per day): $3.00-5.00
Masons (per day): $4.00-5.00
Masons, foremen (per day): $6.00-7.50
Millers (per day): $3.00-4.00
Milliners (per day): $1.50-3.50
Millwrights (per day): $3.00-5.00
Miners (per day): $2.00-4.00
Model or pattern makers (per day): $4.00-5.00
Nurses (per day): $1.00-2.00

Painters, house (per day): $2.50-4.00
Painters, ship (per day): $3.00-4.00
Paper-hangers (per day): $2.50-3.50
Piano-makers (per day): $4.00-4.50
Plasterers (per day): $4.00-6.00
Plumbers (per day): $3.50-5.00
Policemen (per month): $125.00
Porters (per month, with board): $30.00-55.00
Printers, job (per day): $3.50-4.00
Printers, foremen (per day): $4.50-5.00
Riggers (per day): $4.00-5.00
Riveters (per week): $18.00-21.00
Saddlers (per day): $3.00-5.00
Sail-makers (per day): $3.00-4.00
Sailors, long voyage (per month): $30.00-35.00
Sailors, coasters (per month): $40.00-45.00 ... you'd think they'd make more for long voyages, wouldn't you?

Salesmen (per day): $2.50-4.50
Sawyers (per month): $40.00-100.00
Servants, general housework (per month): $15.00-20.00
Shepherds (per month, with board): $25.00-35.00
Shipsmiths (per day): $3.00-4.00
Shoemakers (per day): $2.00-4.00
Soap-makers (per month, with board): $35.00-45.00
Stone-cutters (per day): $4.00-5.00
Straw-workers (per day): $1.50-3.00
Tailors (each):
            pants:                          $3.00-5.00
            vests:                           $2.00-3.50
            coats:                           $6.00-10.00

Teachers, full supply male and female from our own schools (per month): $45.00-200.00

Teamsters owning teams (per day): $2.50-4.00
Teamsters (per month): $30.00-50.00
Tinsmiths (per day): $2.50-4.00
Trunk-makers (per day): $2.50-4.00
Turners (per day): $3.50-4.00
Upholsterers (per day): $3.00-4.00
Vineyard-men (per month, with board): $30.00-40.00
Wagon-makers (per day): $3.00-4.00
Waiters (per month, with board): $20.00-40.00
Watch-makers (per day): $3.00-4.50
Watchmen (per month): $50.00-75.00
Whip-makers (per day): $3.00
Whitewashers (per day): $3.00
Wood-choppers (per month): $40.00-70.00

There is also a note at the bottom of this chart: "Young men of energy, not afraid of work, can almost always get employment in the country at from $25 to $30 per month."


J.E.S. Hays
www.jeshays.com
www.facebook.com/JESHaysBooks


for further information, please see: https://archive.org/stream/laborineuropeame00younuoft#page/810/mode/2up